Sodium Chloride
Abundant Natural Availability: Exhibits ubiquitous natural distribution, with oceanic and saline water bodies serving as primary reservoirs.
Nutritional Importance: Functions as a vital dietary electrolyte, supporting fundamental physiological processes in humans.
Versatile Culinary Use: Serves as a universal seasoning agent in global gastronomy for flavor enhancement and food preservation.
High Industrial Relevance: Recognized as a foundational industrial compound with extensive applications across multiple sectors.
Sodium chloride occurs extensively in natural environments, with marine systems representing its predominant reservoir, where it constitutes approximately 2.68% of seawater by mass. This compound also accumulates in continental saline water bodies and geological formations as rock salt, chiefly in the form of the mineral halite. Recognized as the primary chemical combination of sodium and chlorine elements, sodium chloride—universally termed table salt—plays an indispensable role in culinary practices by augmenting taste profiles and serving as an essential nutritional source of sodium ions for human physiological requirements.
Parameters
Melting point | 801 °C (lit.) |
Boiling point | 1465 °C/1 atm (lit.) |
bulk density | 1140kg/m3 |
density | 1.199 g/mL at 20 °C |
vapor pressure | 1 mm Hg ( 865 °C) |
refractive index | n20/D 1.378 |
Fp | 1413°C |
storage temp. | +15C to +30C |
solubility | H2O: soluble |
form | tablets |
color | White |
Specific Gravity | 2.165 |
PH | 5.5-6.5(1 tablet in 100 mL purified water) |
Flame Color | Orange |
Water Solubility | 360 g/L (20 ºC) |
λmax | λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.02 |
Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
Crystal Structure | NaCl type |
crystal system | Cube |
Merck | 14,8599 |
BRN | 3534976 |
Space group | Fm3m |
Lattice constant | a/nmb/nmc/nmα/oβ/oγ/oV/nm30.5640.5640.5649090900.17942 |
Dielectric constant | 5.9（Ambient） |
BCS Class | 1 |
Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
InChIKey | FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
CAS DataBase Reference | 7647-14-5(CAS DataBase Reference) |
NIST Chemistry Reference | Sodium chloride(7647-14-5) |
EPA Substance Registry System | Sodium chloride (7647-14-5) |
Absorption | ≤0.01 at 260 |
Safety Information
Hazard Codes | Xi |
Risk Statements | 36-36/37/38-22 |
Safety Statements | 24/25-26-36 |
WGK Germany | 1 |
RTECS | VZ4725000 |
F | 3-10 |
TSCA | Yes |
HS Code | 38220000 |
Hazardous Substances Data | 7647-14-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 3.75 ±0.43 g/kg (Boyd, Shanas) |
Sodium chloride, widely known as table salt, occurs naturally in the mineral form halite and is abundant in brine deposits and seawater. It exhibits high solubility in aqueous solutions but demonstrates restricted dissolution capacity in alcoholic solvents. Historically significant as the first halide compound observed to react with silver nitrate, it was employed by photographic pioneers L. J. M. Daguerre and W. H. F. Talbot as an early stabilizing agent in photographic processes before the widespread adoption of sodium thiosulfate (hypo) as a more effective fixing agent.
