Copper(II) Sulfate Pentahydrate
High Water Solubility: Exhibits excellent solubility in aqueous systems, enabling versatile application across chemical and industrial processes.
Thermochromic Transition: Undergoes a distinguishable color shift from blue to white upon dehydration, a property utilized in analytical detection and thermal processing.
Broad Solvent Compatibility: Demonstrates solubility in multiple organic solvents including methanol and glycerol, expanding its utility in diverse formulations.
Potent Fungicidal Activity: Functions as an effective antifungal agent in agricultural and laboratory settings, contributing to crop preservation and microbial management.
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, commonly known as blue vitriol, is characterized by its vibrant blue crystalline form and a distinct, sharp metallic odor. This compound exhibits high solubility in water, along with solubility in methanol and glycerol, though it has only marginal solubility in ethanol. When heated, it undergoes a non-reversible dehydration process, losing its water of crystallization and transforming into white anhydrous copper(II) sulfate. The substance is highly toxic, non-combustible, and possesses an unpleasant metallic taste. Despite its hazardous nature, it is widely utilized as an agricultural fungicide, a laboratory reagent, and an industrial chemical intermediate due to its effective biocidal and reactive properties.
Parameters
Melting point | 110 °C (dec.)(lit.) |
density | 2.284 |
vapor pressure | 7.3 mm Hg ( 25 °C) |
refractive index | 1.537 |
storage temp. | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
solubility | 320 g/L (20°C) |
form | Solid |
color | fine blue crystals |
Specific Gravity | 2.284 |
Odor | blue cryst. or cryst. gran. or powd., odorless |
PH | 3.5-4.5 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O) |
Water Solubility | 320 g/L (20 ºC) |
Merck | 14,2653 |
Exposure limits | ACGIH: TWA 1 mg/m3 |
CAS DataBase Reference | 7758-99-8(CAS DataBase Reference) |
EPA Substance Registry System | Copper sulfate pentahydrate (7758-99-8) |
Safety Information
Hazard Codes | Xn,N,Xi |
Risk Statements | 22-36/38-50/53-52/53-36-36/37/38-20/21/22-51/53 |
Safety Statements | 22-60-61-26-36 |
RIDADR | UN 3288 6.1/PG 3 |
WGK Germany | 2 |
RTECS | GL8900000 |
TSCA | Yes |
HazardClass | 6.1 |
PackingGroup | III |
HS Code | 28332500 |
Hazardous Substances Data | 7758-99-8(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 960 mg/kg (Smyth) |
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, is employed for the detection and removal of trace water from alcohols and organic compounds, while also functioning as a fungicidal agent. The pentahydrate form finds agricultural application as a multipurpose biocide, serving as fungicide, algicide, bactericide, and herbicide. Additional uses include: food and fertilizer additive; component in insecticide formulations; precursor for other copper salts; textile mordant in dyeing processes; reagent in azo dye synthesis; preservative for hides; agent in leather tanning; and wood preservative treatment.
