Ammonium Chloride CAS#12125-02-9
High Solubility: Ammonium chloride has good solubility in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in acetone and ether, supporting its wide use in multiple industries.
Stable Property: Its aqueous solution is weakly acidic. Upon heating, ammonium chloride decomposes into ammonia and hydrogen chloride gas, and the two gases can recombine to form solid ammonium chloride when cooled, showing unique thermal decomposition characteristics.
Versatile Uses: It can be used as nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture, food processing additive, dry cell raw material, flux for metal welding, and also applied in electroplating, tanning and textile printing & dyeing industries.
Crystalline Form & Hygroscopic Nature: This material appears as colorless cubic crystal or white crystalline powder with slight hygroscopicity, which requires sealed storage during transportation and handling.
Ammonium chloride, with molecular formula NH₄Cl, is colorless cubic crystal or white crystalline powder. It is soluble in water (383 g/L at 25°C), slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in acetone and ether. Its aqueous solution shows weak acidity. When heated above 337.8°C, it decomposes into ammonia and hydrogen chloride. It is irritating to skin, eyes and respiratory tract. It is widely used as agricultural nitrogen fertilizer, food additive, battery raw material, metal welding flux, and analytical reagent for chemical analysis.
Ammonium Chloride Chemical Properties
| Item | Parameter |
|---|---|
| Melting point | 337.8 °C (sublimation)(lit.) |
| Density | 1.527 g/cm³ |
| Vapor density | 1.9 (vs air) |
| Refractive index | 1.642 |
| Storage temp | Store below +30°C |
| Solubility | Water: 383 g/L (25 ºC); Slightly soluble in ethanol; Insoluble in acetone, ether |
| Form | Crystalline powder |
| Color | White / Colorless |
| Odor | Odorless |
| PH Range | 4.0~6.0 (100g/l, H₂O, 20℃) |
| Water Solubility | 383 g/L (25 ºC) |
| Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
| Merck | 14,497 |
| BRN | 4125858 |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong bases, strong oxidizing agents. |
| InChIKey | QDYYKXQBGUYOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 12125-02-9 (CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Ammonium chloride (12125-02-9) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Ammonium chloride (12125-02-9) |
Safety Information
| Item | Parameter |
|---|---|
| Hazard Codes | Xi |
| Risk Statements | 22-36 |
| Safety Statements | 22-26 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | BP4550000 |
| F | 10 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 28271010 |
This compound is used as nitrogen fertilizer in agricultural industry, food additive in food manufacturing, electrolyte for dry batteries, metal cleaning flux, analytical reagent, oilfield auxiliary agent, and raw material for preparing other ammonium salts. It also serves as a dyeing auxiliary in textile industry, and a fire extinguishing agent additive.
